Cardiorenal Syndrome pada Pasien Dewasa dengan Gagal Ginjal Kronis dan Gagal Jantung: Systematic Literature Review

Dea  Fauziah; Marco  Develsio; Brigita  Victoria; Rosna Elfrina  Sitompul; Yuni Arsita  Fitriyani; Nhila Putri  Evani; Diana Laila  Ramatillah; Norman  Dyanto

doi:10.51225/jps.v9i1.103

Authors

Dea Fauziah Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta
Marco Develsio Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta
Brigita Victoria Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta
Rosna Elfrina Sitompul Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta
Yuni Arsita Fitriyani Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta
Nhila Putri Evani Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta
Diana Laila Ramatillah Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta
Norman Dyanto Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51225/jps.v9i1.103

Abstract

Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) represents a complex pathophysiological dysfunction involving both the heart and kidneys, highly prevalent among adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF). This bidirectional interaction exacerbates both conditions, leading to markedly increased morbidity and mortality. This systematic literature review, which followed the PRISMA framework to synthesize current evidence on the mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of CRS in adult populations. The findings indicate that CRS in this group is predominantly chronic (Types 2 and 4), driven by neurohormonal activation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Diagnostic challenges persist, requiring the integration of novel biomarkers with precise clinical assessment. In terms of management, an individualized and multidisciplinary approach is essential. Optimization of guideline-directed medical therapies, such as ACEi/ARB/ARNI and beta-blockers, must be accompanied by careful renal monitoring. While diuretics remain the cornerstone for volume control, novel treatments like SGLT2 inhibitors have shown significant benefits in improving both cardiovascular and renal outcomes simultaneously. In conclusion, effective CRS management requires a multidisciplinary strategy that balances cardioprotective and renoprotective effects. Further research is warranted to refine diagnostic tools and optimize therapeutic strategies to improve long-term patient outcomes.

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